Relationship between crimes in general, is conceivable in different forms which is due to crime unity by multiple offenders or a multiplicity of crime by unity offender or unity motivation of multiple offenders. In addition, in real concurrence of crime we can attach a special relationship between some of the offenses in particular meaning that despite having an independence criminal description, is impossible to separate from each other and they often commit together and that's why they call them RELATED OFFENCES. RELATED OFFENCES in the special status have three noteworthy approaches: unity of OFFENCES, ideal concurrence and real concurrence. In this research, by studying the legislative and judicial procedures, evidence of any opinions are expressed and finally, we explain theory and the reasons for its adoption.

Human life dependency on water and water resources and its unique role in public and social needs is not deniable. However, improper use of water resources and pouring industrial wastewater are among some of factors that have caused water pollution. The damage caused by these acts is in a manner that can disrupt public order. Therefore, government intervention is necessary to prevent the commission of such wrongs. One of the tools of government intervention to protect water resources is to resort to criminal law. So, in light of the fact that water resources belong to all and also bearing in mind the necessity of criminal protection, in Iranian legal system have criminalized some conducts in order to protect the Country’s Constitution provisions. In this article, we explain the basics of criminal protection of water and various laws and the constituent elements of offenses in this area will be discussed. Due to the economic aspect of some of these offenses, current criminal sanctions and their sufficiency in terms of deterrence will be analyzed and eventually some suggestions for amending the current laws will be introduced.

Due to entrance of global society to information technology age, the importance of protecting security, trade secrets and privacy have increased. In this paper, we discuss only about trade secrets crimes. These crimes are divided in two categories including OFFENCES against property and OFFENCES against security such as economic espionage. The base of study is comparison between Iran and Common Law.

There are some crimes carried out against national security and others by expatriate Iranians. Moreover, some crimes are done by foreigners which are associated with our country. Carrying out some of these crimes can endamage our homeland and external security. This study tries to describe that establishing all national criminal codes RELATED to all expatriate Iranians' crime is neither logical nor practical. Actually, our national criminal codes can be established only about few overseas crimes done by expatriate Iranians or foreigners against our national security. Consequently, the criminal codes should be established on just some special overseas crimes. On the one hand, the purpose of Iranian criminal codes dominance in some overseas OFFENCES is implementation of canon laws, and on the other hand it is providing the national security.

Emotional abuse, one of the forms of psychological abuse, refers to a series of intentional behaviors that are applied in the context of an intimate relationship by a person trusted by the victim and causes mental and emotional effects such as mood instability or loss of self-esteem. In the criminal laws of Iran and England, the legislator has included some behaviors based on emotional abuse under the guarantee of criminal executions. Among others, we can refer to the first paragraph of Article 500 of the Islamic Penal Code of the Corporal Punishment Act 2019 and in England, Article 76 of the Serious Crime Act 2015. This study is written using the descriptive-analytical method with a comparative approach using library resources. According to the results of the research, compared to the Iranian legislators, in the field of dealing with emotional abuse, the English legislator has first taken the lead through different forms of control by the partner or emotional support under the heading of domestic violence, and secondly, he has a more comprehensive view of the issue. Some cases of emotional abuse have been foreseen on a case-by-case basis in the law on preventing and combatting violence against women and improving their security against abuse, which is currently awaiting approval in the Islamic parliament.

Biotechnology development in recent decades and its extensive serviceability in various arenas of health, agriculture, animal husbandry, environment, industry, mining, military, etc. has interested scientists and governmentals to this important subject. This technology has also some benefits and abilities that inappropriate using can cause dangerous damages for beings and hazard human health. In the legal system of Iran, laws RELATED to biotechnology include laws such as the biosafety Code, the law on the Registration of Plant Varieties, and the Certificate on Seed and Plant Seedings that in the each of this Acts and for protection of citizenry from detriment damages and probability hazards due biotechnology and for prevention of disorder in public regularity of society, several subjects as to it has sat bundel criminal protection and lawmaker has criminate and punishable delinquent of such crimes. Iranian biosafety Act (2009) don’t describe exactly legal aspects of biotechnology and about criminal protection merely exist a number of acts and some omissions hat mention under section 6 this Act. Entirely to pay attention this Act to find a number of crimes that writers of this scholarism with description of crimes and punishments foresaid in inactment Act that discuss Iranian legislative criminal policy about subject and mention difficulties and criticisms and introduce necessary suggestions.

Iran legal system like some other legal systems recognizes and applies the death penalty for drug-RELATED offenses. On the other hand, many States have abolished the death penalty in their laws or practice or at least do not apply it in cases relating to drug-RELATED offenses. So, the main question of this article is whether or not Iran’ s criminal policy in this regard is compatible with international human rights norms. Present studies show that under international human rights law, especially under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the application of capital punishment, while not prohibited, is restricted in exceptional ways. The death penalty may be imposed only for the most serious crimes under some requirements. The studies show that drug-RELATED offenses do not have exceptional feature and they are not an instance of “ most serious crimes” , and so could not be subject to capital punishments. Thus, Iran has to abolish the death penalty for drug-RELATED offenses in the light of its international and human rights obligations which would be more compatible with constitutional and Islamic foundations of its own legislation.

This paper has been written aiming at the exploration of the dominant approach of the Iranian criminal policy to medical OFFENCES in different legislative, judicial and executive respects. Some resulted findings and outcomes indicate that: firstly; the approach of Iranian legislative criminal policy to cope with medical OFFENCES is a punishment-centered, punitive approach without a corrective and preventive attitude. Secondly; the Iranian legislative policy has required obtaining consent, clearance, and justification of practice and observance of scientific and technical standards for the removal of the physician's responsibility. Thirdly; the basis of the criminal responsibility of physicians is not clear in the laws of Iran and while there is a contradiction between regulations, the attitude of the criminal legislator maintains expanding the scope of physicians' responsibility. Fourthly; the dominance of the risk theory and the performance obligation in the legislative criminal policy and the prevalence of the fault-based responsibility and best efforts obligation in the judicial criminal policy are obvious. Fifthly; judicial and executive criminal policy of Iran indicates the traits of leniency, tolerance, kindness and neutralization of the goals embedded in the legislative criminal policy. Sixthly, the expansion and the prevalence of the flexible and neutralizing attitude in coping with medical OFFENCES are considered as an important attribute of the judicial criminal policy.

The commencement of a crime is a situation in which the offender, despite the decision to commit a criminal act preparation and entering the implementation stage, for some reason, it is beyond his control, does not reach the desired result. Of course, this accidental factor has nothing to do with the evil intention of the offender and maybe if he did not encounter an obstacle, he would achieve his goal. So there is no doubt that the crime starter - however less than the complete crime agent- is punishable and deserves to be blamed. Article 122 of the Islamic penal code also follows this idea and considering the circumstances, knows that the starter of crime is punishable. But given the dominant circumstances of Had crimes, it seems that the determination of punishment in paragraphs A, B and C of the  mentioned law, and where it is RELATED to the Hads, is insufficient and imperfect. These bugs show up more when most Had crimes in the early stages (committing a crime) not having yet the title of Had and basically, they are punishable behavior, So like the before (For example, Article 613 of the IPC on the commission of attempt the murder or 655 of the IPC on some types of starting theft…) it may be better that just crimes that the starting of them is imagable, to be criminalized below the relevant legal provisions and appropriate punishment for them to be considered.

Background and Aim: House as the main position of the family, is of vital importance to the survival of the human and society. Nowadays, architects have discovered that the physical space is exactly the same as law can strengthen norms. The power of architecture in the expression of norms should not be underestimated. Materials and Methods: The method of the present study is descriptive-analytical one. Ethical Considerations: Honesty and confidentiality have been observed. Findings: Architectural engineers can create spaces that can move people close or away from each other. They can also enhance the feeling of security and comfort, or to add to the crowds and the psychosis of the community. The type and form of housing, factors and design methods also affect people’ s behavior. The kind of life environment such as residence in dwellings or social housing has different social and cultural impacts. Also, two factors such as residence in rural areas as well as expanse of houses affect many residents ' behaviors. Psychological research shows the effect of design and map on behavior and perspectives. When people feel more space, they tend to be less aggressive. Today, the optimum use of factors such as nature, greenbelt and appropriate color reduces aggressive behavior. The color is another aspect of the city’ s life. Psychologists say that different colors affect behavior and emotions. Colors in people create different emotions and architects can use this feature to design residential environments. Conclusion: Architecture is of great importance in commiting OFFENCES and social deviances.